{"id":1444,"date":"2026-07-02T12:21:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-02T12:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/sklirynsi-kata-plakas\/"},"modified":"2026-07-02T12:36:28","modified_gmt":"2026-07-02T12:36:28","slug":"sklirynsi-kata-plakas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/sklirynsi-kata-plakas\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiple sclerosis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Multiple sclerosis (MS)<\/strong> is a chronic autoimmune neurological disease that affects the central nervous system, namely the brain and the spinal cord. The disease is caused by damage to myelin, the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers, resulting in impaired transmission of nerve signals.<\/p>\n

Although there is no definitive cure, modern therapeutic options can slow disease progression, reduce relapses, and significantly improve patients\u2019 quality of life.<\/p>\n

Most common symptoms<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The course of the disease varies from person to person and may be characterized by periods of relapses and remissions or by gradual progression of symptoms.<\/p>\n

Symptoms depend on the area of the nervous system affected and may include:<\/p>\n

Numbness or tingling sensations<\/p>\n

Muscle weakness<\/p>\n

Difficulty walking and maintaining balance<\/p>\n

Severe fatigue<\/p>\n

Visual disturbances such as blurred or double vision<\/p>\n

Dizziness or vertigo<\/p>\n

Memory and concentration problems<\/p>\n

Bladder or bowel dysfunction<\/p>\n

Mood changes<\/p>\n

In many cases, symptoms occur in relapses lasting from a few days to several weeks and then partially or completely subside.<\/p>\n

Risk factors<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Although the exact cause of the disease is unknown, several factors have been identified that are associated with an increased risk:<\/p>\n

Age between 20 and 40 years<\/p>\n

Female sex<\/p>\n

Family history of multiple sclerosis<\/p>\n

Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection<\/p>\n

Low vitamin D levels<\/p>\n

Obesity<\/p>\n

Smoking<\/p>\n

Presence of other autoimmune diseases<\/p>\n

Types of the disease<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Multiple sclerosis is classified into different types:<\/p>\n

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

The most common form, characterized by periods of relapses followed by periods of remission.<\/p>\n

Secondary progressive MS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Occurs in some patients after years of relapsing-remitting disease and is associated with gradual worsening of mobility and neurological function.<\/p>\n

Primary progressive MS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Characterized by continuous worsening from disease onset without clear relapses.<\/p>\n

Diagnosis<\/strong><\/h4>\n

There is no single test that confirms the diagnosis. Evaluation is based on:<\/p>\n

Detailed medical history<\/p>\n

Neurological examination<\/p>\n

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord<\/p>\n

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis<\/p>\n

Laboratory tests to rule out other conditions<\/p>\n

Treatment options<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Although there is no definitive cure, treatment of multiple sclerosis focuses on three main approaches:<\/p>\n

Treatment of relapses<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Corticosteroids are used to reduce inflammation and speed recovery. In severe cases, plasma exchange may be applied.<\/p>\n

Disease-modifying therapy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

More than 20 approved medications are available that help reduce relapses and the formation of new lesions in the nervous system.<\/p>\n

Symptomatic treatment<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and targeted medications can significantly improve function and daily living.<\/p>\n

Role of daily habits<\/strong><\/h4>\n

According to Mayo Clinic, certain lifestyle habits may help manage symptoms:<\/p>\n

Regular physical activity<\/p>\n

Adequate sleep<\/p>\n

Maintaining a healthy body weight<\/p>\n

Mediterranean diet<\/p>\n

Smoking cessation<\/p>\n

Stress management through relaxation techniques, yoga, or meditation<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Multiple sclerosis is a complex neurological disorder with a highly variable course in each patient. Early diagnosis, individualized treatment, and close monitoring by a specialized medical team can contribute to effective disease control and the maintenance of a good quality of life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

is a chronic autoimmune neurological disease that affects the central nervous system<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1443,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-neurology"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1444"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1447,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions\/1447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1443"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bioarstherapeutics.gr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}